Evaluation of the Execution of the Plastic Bag Ban and Public Perceptions and Responses to Substitute Items in Mogadishu, Somalia

Abstract

Governments worldwide are increasingly implementing restrictions on plastic bags due to their well-documented environmental harm. Despite a global rise in such initiatives, notable disparities exist in their implementation and enforcement. East Africa has been at the forefront of plastic bag legislation; however, enforcement remains inconsistent across countries. In Somalia, a nationwide restriction on plastic bags was announced for 2024, yet its implementation has been delayed. Within this context, and aligned with global efforts such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11, which aims to reduce the environmental impact of urban areas by 2030, this study sought to examine the implementation status of Somalia’s plastic bag ban and explore consumer perceptions and anticipated behavioral responses. The focus was on understanding whether public attitudes would support reduced plastic bag usage and encourage adoption of environmentally friendly alternatives.

A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia, over a four-week period between October 20 and December 20, 2024. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires administered through a convenience sampling approach. The target population comprised 1,000 residents of Mogadishu, from which 278 respondents were ultimately recruited. The survey assessed participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the environmental, human, and ecological impacts of single-use plastic bags, as well as their responses to the government’s restriction announcement.

Findings indicated that 68% of respondents (n = 189) supported the government’s initiative to restrict plastic bags, with statistical significance observed (OR 1.321–15.050, p < 0.05). Participants recognized the substantial environmental damage associated with plastic waste and perceived the policy as necessary, albeit delayed. While respondents expressed strong support for the ban, they emphasized the importance of accessible and environmentally sustainable alternatives to ensure effective transition away from plastic use.

The study highlights a strong alignment between consumer awareness and positive attitudes toward plastic bag restrictions in Mogadishu. These findings have important implications for environmental policy in Somalia, suggesting that public support exists for stricter enforcement and sustainable interventions. Addressing implementation challenges and ensuring the availability of viable alternatives will be critical for the success of such policies. The results may also offer valuable insights for other regions facing similar environmental challenges, contributing to broader efforts toward sustainable urban development.

KEYWORDS: Plastic bags, government declaration, environmental impact, SDG 11 Goal,